黄仁勋：如何成为英伟达？

来源:天天IC发布时间:2023-05-292159浏览

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集微网消息，据彭博社报道，英伟达公司创始人兼CEO黄仁勋5月27日在台大毕业典礼上发表致辞讲话，透露了对人工智能（AI）未来表现的看法，和英伟达发展当中的三个关键转折而引发大量思考。

黄仁勋强调，AI开启了巨大的机遇，灵活的公司将利用AI来提升自身地位，同样的，未能充分利用人工智能的公司将会消亡。他指出，我们正处于一个重大的科技时代的开端，就像PC、网络、移动设备和云端一样；但人工智能更具基础性，因为每一个计算层面都被重新塑造了。从我们编写软件的方式到处理方式，人工智能从根本上改变了计算。
据悉，英伟达发布一季度超预期财报后，股价一度上涨24.37%，创下上市以来单日最高涨幅，市值逼近万亿美元，其创始人黄仁勋的身价也暴涨至330亿美元以上。

以下为演讲全文：

各位女士、先生，老师，来宾，骄傲的父母们，以及2023年国立台湾大学的毕业生们，今天对你们来说是非常特别的一天，也是你们父母梦想成真的一天。你们应该快点从家里搬出去，这确实是一个充满骄傲和喜悦的日子！
你们的父母为了今天做出许多牺牲，我的父母、哥哥也在这里，让我们向所有的父母和祖父母们表达感谢。
十多年前，我第一次来到国立台湾大学，陈博士邀请我参观他的实验室。他的儿子在硅谷工作，知道英伟达的CUDA，推荐陈博士用它来做量子物理模拟实验。我在这个实验室看到满满的英伟达GeForce游戏显卡，插在PC主机板上，走道上的架子开着好几台电扇在散热。
陈博士以游戏显卡用中国台湾人的方式自制了超级计算机，这是一个展开英伟达旅程的故事，他以自己的努力为荣，也对我说：“黄先生，因为你的产品，让我能追寻我的事业。”
这句话至今仍让我感动不已，它抓住了我们公司的使命，就是帮助我们这个时代的爱因斯坦和达文西们完成他们的志业。
我很高兴能回到台大在你们的毕业典礼致词。当时我从俄勒冈州立大学毕业的时候，世界还很简单，没有液晶电视，也没有有线电视跟MTV，手机和电话这两个词是分开讲的。
那一年是1984年，IBM PC-AT和苹果Macintosh开启个人计算机革命，也开创了我们所知的芯片和软件产业。现在你们所处的是一个更复杂的世界，充满了地缘政治、社会和环境的变化和挑战。
因为科技，我们能持续连线，沉浸在一个与现实世界平行的数位世界里，汽车也能自动驾驶了。
AI会创造过去不存在的新工作，每个人都要学习掌握AI红利
在计算机产业创造了家用个人计算机40年后，我们发明了人工智能，例如自动驾驶或辨识X光影像的软件，AI软件为计算机自动化打开了大门，也开启了价值数万亿美元的产业——医疗保健，金融服务，运输和制造业等等，AI创造了各种机会。
敏捷的公司利用AI提升他们的地位，反之，那些落后的公司将会灭亡。正在听这场演讲的创业家们也将开创新事业，如同过去每一个运算时代，新的产业会出现。
AI创造过去不存在的新工作，像数据工程，提示工程，AI厂房运营与AI安全工程师等等。
这些都是以前没有的工作，有些工作会因为自动化而过时了，但可以肯定的是，AI将改变每一个工作，让工程师、设计师、艺术家、营销人员还有制造业的擘画者有更好的表现。
就像过去每个时代的人一样，他们拥抱新技术然后成功了，每一家公司，包括你们，都要学着掌握AI的红利，让AI成为你的副驾驶，做出惊人的事业。
有些人担心AI可能会抢走他们的工作，其实，是擅长使用AI的人会抢走这些人的工作。我们处在重大科技时代的开端，像PC，网络，手机和云端等等。
但是AI的技术更基本，因为每个运算的层次都被重新打造，从我们如何写软件到它如何运作，AI从根本上重新创造了运算方式。
从各个层面来看，这是计算机产业的重生，对中国台湾企业来说，这也是个千载难逢的机会。你们就是计算机产业的基石，在未来的十年，我们的产业将以全新、加速的AI技术取代全球超过一万亿美元的传统计算机市场。
英伟达的第一个故事：面对错误，勇于求助
我的旅程比你们早40年开始，1984年是毕业的好时节，我预期2023年也是如此。在你们的旅程开始之时，我该分享些什么呢？今天是你们人生中最成功的一天，你们要从台大毕业了。我毕业那天也是个成功人士，直到我创办英伟达为止。
在英伟达，我经历了失败，非常大的失败。那段历程充满羞辱和尴尬，公司几乎要完蛋。让我跟你们说三个关于英伟达的故事，这些故事定义了今日的英伟达。
我们创办英伟达来打造加速计算，我们第一个技术是PC游戏的3D图形。我们创造了一种非传统的3D技术，它叫前向材质贴图和曲线（forward texture mapping and curves）。这个技术的成本明显较低，因此我们拿到了SEGA主机的合约，我们的平台吸引了游戏制造商，也拿到资金。
经过一年的开发，我们发现这个架构策略错了，而且微软发布了Windows 95 Direct 3D，这是基于逆材质贴图和三角（inverse texture mapping and triangles）的技术。
很多公司已经在开发支援这个标准的3D芯片，如果我们硬要完成SEGA的合约，我们的技术不仅不怎么样，跟Windows不兼容，而且还追赶不上。但是，如果我们不履行合约，就会一毛钱也拿不到。不论如何，公司都会破产。
我跟SEGA的CEO说，公司技术开发方向错了，SEGA应该要换合作伙伴，因为我们无法履行合约，这个合作应该要终止。但我们需要SEGA的钱，不然英伟达就要倒闭了。
我很难为情地跟SEGA的CEO入交昭一郎（Irimajiri Shoichiro）提出这样的要求，让我很惊讶的是，他竟然同意了。
他的理解和慷慨让我们能再活六个月。因为这个机会，我们打造了RIVA 128。就在我们快要把钱烧光的时候，RIVA 128让刚起步的3D市场惊艳不已，我们被看见了，公司也活下来了。
我们的芯片在市场需求强劲，四岁就离开中国台湾的我又回到这里，跟台积电的张忠谋见面，开启了持续25年的合作关系。
面对自己犯下的错，并以谦逊的态度向他人求助，这两件事挽救英伟达免于倒闭，这样的态度对你们这些聪明又成功的人来说是最困难的。
英伟达的第二个故事：为了实现愿景必然要忍受痛苦
2007年，我们发表了CUDAGPU加速计算。我们的目标是让CUDA成为一种程序设计模型，能加速科学运算、物理模拟、影像处理的应用。
从无到有创造一个全新的运算模型非常困难，过去很少人能做得到。CPU运算模型自IBM System 360以来已成为世人的标准，它有60年的历史了。CUDA需要开发者撰写应用程序，并展示这款GPU的优点。
开发者需要庞大的安装基础，大型CUDA安装基础设施需要用户购买新的应用程序。为了解决先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，我们使用游戏GPU，也就是GeForce来建立安装基础，因为它已经有大量的游戏玩家市场。
但CUDA的额外成本非常高，英伟达的利润多年来表现不佳，我们的市值仅略高于10亿美元。多年的低迷表现，让我们的股东怀疑CUDA的能耐，他们希望我们专心提高获利能力，但我们仍然坚持做想做的事。
我们相信加速运算的时代终将来临，我们开始办GTC大会，也努力向全球推广CUDA，接着各式应用开始出现了。
从震测处理、CT重建、分子动力学、粒子物理学、流体动力学到影像处理，各种科学研究领域一个接着一个使用我们的技术。我们与每一位开发者合作撰写他们的算法，因此进步非常快，到了2012年，AI研究者发现了CUDA。
大家熟知的AlexNet是在GeForce GTX 580上训练的，AI技术开始大爆发。幸运的是，我们知道深度学习深具潜力，我们公司倾全力开发这个新领域的技术。我们冒上一切风险追求深度学习。10年后，AI革命开始了，现在的英伟达是全球AI开发者的引擎。
我们打造了CUDA并在加速运算和AI领域成为领导者，这个旅程塑造了英伟达的企业性格，为了实现愿景必然要忍受痛苦与经历磨难。
英伟达的第三个故事：有策略的撤退，决定什么不去做
让我再说一个故事。2010年，Google打算将Android开发成一款具有优秀图形的行动计算机。手机产业已有了调制解调器专业的芯片公司，英伟达的运算和图形专业使我们成为与Android合作的理想伙伴，我们因而进入了手机芯片市场。
我们很快的成功了，业务跟股价一起飙升，竞争对手也蜂涌而至。调制解调器芯片制造商学习如何制造运算芯片，而我们也在学习如何制造调制解调器。
手机市场非常大，我们可以竞争市占率，但我们没有这么做，我们决定放弃这个市场。
英伟达的使命是打造出一款计算机，它能解决一般计算机不能解决的问题。我们应该全力以赴实现这个愿景，并做出独特的贡献。
我们有策略的撤退最终得到了回报。离开了手机市场，我们不画地自限，而是创造了一个新的市场。我们创造一款新型的计算机，为机器人计算提供服务。这款新型计算机搭载神经网络处理器，有安全的结构进行AI演算。
在当时，这是一个零亿美元的市场，我们离开了庞大的手机市场，跑去创立一个0元的机器人市场。
现在的英伟达的有数十亿美元的汽车和机器人业务，并开创了一个新的产业。
放弃对你们这样聪明又成功的人来说并不容易。然而，有策略的撤退，牺牲，决定什么不要做，不就是成功的核心吗？
2023年的毕业生们，你们将进入正在经历巨变的世界，就像当年的我身处PC和芯片革命之中一样，你们站在AI的起跑线上，每一个行业都将历经革命，浴火重生。
你要为创新做好准备，拥有自己的想法。这40年来，人类创造PC、网络、手机、云端技术，现在则进入了AI时代。
你想创造什么呢？不管是什么，跟我们一样跑起来追逐它吧！跑起来，别用走的。记得，跑起来做个掠食者，或是跑起来避免被掠食。
我希望这段话可以用中文讲，大家可以听得懂。
跑起来掠食，或是努力奔跑免得成为掠食者的食物。
大多时候，你很难区别这两者。不管怎么样，跑起来吧！在你自己的旅程中，带上我今天跟你分享的经验：谦虚地面对失败，承认错误，向他人求助。为了实现梦想，你将承受痛苦与磨难。为了人生的使命与事业，你得做出牺牲并全心投入。
2023年的毕业生们，我诚挚的祝福你们每一位。加油！（来源：雅虎新闻）
Ladies and gentlemen, esteemed faculty members, distinguished guests, proud parents, and above all, the 2023 graduating class of the National Taiwan University. Today is a very special day for you, and a dream come true for your parents.
You should be moving out soon. It is surely a day of pride and joy.So, your parents have made sacrifices to see you on this day. My parents are here, and so is my brother. Let's show all of our parents and our grandparents, many of them are here, our appreciation.
I came to NTU for the first time over a decade ago. Dr. Chen invited me to visit his computational physics lab. As I recall, his son, based in Silicon Valley, had learned of NVIDIA's CUDA invention and recommended his father utilize it for his quantum physics simulations.
When I arrived, he opened the door to show me what he had made. NVIDIA GeForce gaming cards filled the room, plugged into open PC motherboards, and sitting on metal shelves in the aisles were oscillating platform fans.
Dr. Chen had built a homemade supercomputer, the Taiwanese Way, out of gaming graphics cards. He started here, an early example of NVIDIA's journey.
He was so proud, and he said to me, Mr. Huang, because of your work, I can do my life's work. Those words touch me to this day, and perfectly capture our company's purpose, to help the Einstein and Da Vinci of our time do their life's work.
I am so happy to be back at NTU, and to be your commencement address. The world was simpler when I graduated from Oregon State University. TVs were not flat yet. There was no cable television, and MTV.
And the words mobile and phone didn't go together. The year was 1984. The IBM PC-AT and Apple Macintosh launched the PC revolution.
And started the chip and software industry that we know today. You enter a far more complex world, with geopolitical, social, and environmental changes and challenges.
Surrounded by technology, we are now perpetually connected, and immersed in a digital world that parallels our real world. Cars are starting to drive by themselves.
AI will create new jobs that didn't exist before
Forty years after the computer industry created the home PC, we invented artificial intelligence. Like software that automatically drives a car, or studies x-ray images, AI software has opened the door for computers to automate tasks for the world's largest, multi-trillion dollars of industries.
Healthcare, financial services, transportation, and manufacturing. AI has opened immense opportunities.
Agile companies will take advantage of AI, and boost their position. Companies less so, will perish. Entrepreneurs, many of them here today, will start new companies.
And like in every computing era before, create new industries. AI will create new jobs that didn't exist before. Like data engineering, prompt engineering, AI factory operations, and AI safety engineers.
These are jobs that never existed before. Automated tasks will obsolete some jobs. And for sure, AI will change every job. Supercharging the performance of programmers, designers, artists, marketers, and manufacturing planners.
Just as every generation before you embraced technologies to succeed, every company, and you, must learn to take advantage of AI. And do amazing things with an AI co-pilot by your side.
While some worry that AI may take their jobs, someone who expert with AI will. We are at the beginning of a major technology era, like PC, internet, mobile, and cloud. But AI is far more fundamental because every computing layer has been reinvented, from how we write software to how it's processed.
AI has reinvented computing from the ground up. In every way, this is a rebirth of the computer industry. And a golden opportunity for the companies of Taiwan.
You are the foundation and bedrock of the computer industry. Within the next decade, our industry will replace over a trillion dollars of the world's traditional computers with new, accelerated AI computers.
The first story of NVIDIA: Confronting mistakes and asking for help
My journey started 40 years before yours. 1984 was a perfect year to graduate. I predict that 2023 will be as well.
What can I tell you as you begin your journey? Today is the most successful day of your life so far. You're graduating from the National Taiwan University. I was also successful until I started NVIDIA.
At NVIDIA, I experienced failures. Great big ones. All humiliating and embarrassing. Many nearly doomed us.
Let me tell you three NVIDIA stories that define us today.
We founded NVIDIA to create accelerated computing. Our first application was 3D graphics for PC gaming.
We invented an unconventional 3D approach called forward texture mapping and curves. Our approach was substantially lower cost. We won a contract with SEGA to build their game console, which attracted games for our platform and funded our company.
After one year of development, we realized our architecture was the wrong strategy. It was technically poor. And Microsoft was about to announce Windows 95 Direct 3D based on inverse texture mapping and triangles.
Many companies were already working on 3D chips to support this standard. If we completed SEGA's game console, we would have built inferior technology, be incompatible with Windows, and be too far behind to catch up.
But we would be out of money if we didn't finish the contract. Either way, we would be out of business. I contacted the CEO of SEGA and explained that our invention was the wrong approach.
That SEGA should find another partner. And that we could not complete the contract and the console. We had to stop. But I needed Sega to pay us in whole. Or NVIDIA would be out of business.
I was embarrassed to ask. Irimajiri-san, the CEO of SEGA, to his credit and my amazement, agreed.
His understanding and generosity gave us six months to live. With that, we built RIVA 128. Just as we were running out of money. RIVA 128 shocked the young 3D market, put us on the map, and saved the company.
The strong demand for our chip led me back to Taiwan after leaving at the age of four to meet Morris Chang at TSMC and started a partnership that has lasted 25 years. Confronting our mistake and with humility asking for help, save NVIDIA.
These traits are the hardest for the brightest and most successful like yourself.
The second story of NVIDIA: Endure pain and suffering needed to realize your dreams
In 2007, we announced CUDA GPU Accelerated Computing. Our aspiration was for CUDA to become a programming model that boosts applications from scientific computing and physics simulations to image processing. Creating a new computing model is incredibly hard and rarely done in history.
The CPU computing model has been the standard for 60 years since the IBM System 360. CUDA needed developers to write applications and demonstrate the benefits of the GPU.
Developers needed a large installed base. A large CUDA installed base needed customers buying new applications. To solve the chicken or the egg problem, we used GeForce, our gaming GPU, which already had a large market of gamers, to build the installed base.
But the added cost of CUDA was very high. NVIDIA's profits took a huge hit for many years. Our market cap hovered just above $1 billion.
We suffered many years of poor performance. Our shareholders were skeptical of CUDA. And preferred we focused on improving profitability. But we persevered.
We believed a time for accelerated computing would come. We created a conference called GTC and promoted CUDA tirelessly worldwide. Then the applications came.
Seismic processing, CT reconstruction, molecular dynamics, particle physics, fluid dynamics, and image processing. One science domain after another, they came.
We worked with each developer to write their algorithms and achieved incredible speedups. Then, in 2012, AI researchers discovered CUDA.
The famous AlexNet trained on GeForce GTX 580 started the Big Bang of AI. Fortunately, we realized the potential of deep learning as a whole new software approach. And turned every aspect of our company to advance this new field.
We risked everything to pursue deep learning. A decade later, the AI revolution started. And NVIDIA is the engine of AI developers worldwide.
We invented CUDA and pioneered accelerated computing and AI. But the journey forged our corporate character to endure the pain and suffering that is always needed to realize a vision.
The third story of NVIDIA: Strategic retreat
One more story. In 2010, Google aimed to develop Android into a mobile computer with excellent graphics.
The phone industry had chip companies with modem expertise. NVIDIA's computing and graphics expertise made us an ideal partner to help build Android. So we entered the mobile chip market.
We were instantly successful. And our business and stock price surged. The competition quickly swarmed. Modem chip makers were learning how to build computing chips. And we were learning how to build modems.
The phone market is huge. We could fight for share. Instead, we made a hard decision and sacrificed the market.
NVIDIA's mission is to build computers to solve problems that ordinary computers cannot. We should dedicate ourselves to realizing our vision and to making a unique contribution.
Our strategic retreat paid off. By leaving the phone market, we opened our minds to invent a new one. We imagined creating a new type of computer for robotic computers.With neural network processor, safety architectures that run AI algorithms.
At the time, this was a zero billion dollar market. To retreat from a giant phone market to create a zero billion dollar robotics market. We now have billions of dollars of automotive and robotics business and started a new industry. Retreat does not come easily to the brightest and most successful people like yourself.
Yet, strategic retreat, sacrifice, deciding what to give up, is that a core, the very core of success?
Class of 2023, you're about to go into a world witnessing great change. And just as I was with the PC and chip revolution, you're at the beginning, at the starting line of AI. Every industry will be revolutionized. Reborn.
Ready for new ideas. Your ideas. In 40 years, we created the PC, internet, mobile, cloud, and now the AI era.
What will you create? Whatever it is, run after it like we did. Run. Don't walk. Remember, either you're running for food, or you are running from being food.
I hope that part can be translated into Chinese so that everyone can understand.
Either you're running for food, or you are running from becoming food.
And oftentimes, you can't tell which. Either way, run. And for your journey, take along some of my learnings. That you will have the humility to confront failure, admit a mistake, and ask for help.
You will endure pain and suffering needed to realize your dreams. And you will make sacrifices to dedicate yourself to a life of purpose and doing your life's work.
Class of 2023, I extend my heartfelt congratulations to each one of you. Jiayou!

中国芯上市公司分析合集

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