从零开始做单片机，需要哪些知识？

来来来，让我们一起，左手右手一个慢动作。

module minicpu(clk, reset, run, in, cs, pcout, irout, qtop, abus, dbus, out);
 input clk,reset,run; input [15:0] in; output [1:0] cs; output [15:0] irout, qtop, dbus, out; output [11:0] pcout, abus; wire [15:0] qnext, ramout, aluout; reg [11:0] abus; reg halt, jump, pcinc, push, pop, thru, qthru, dbus2qtop, dbus2ram, dbus2obuf, ir2dbus, qtop2dbus, alu2dbus, ram2dbus, in2dbus; reg pop2, ir2abus, qtop2abus, qnext2abus; reg [11:0] pcout, pcnext; reg [15:0] out;
 statef statef0(.clk(clk),.reset(reset),.run(run),.halt(halt),.cs(cs)); stackm stackm0(.clk(clk),.reset(reset),.load(dbus2qtop),.push(push),.pop(pop),.pop2(pop2),.thru(qthru),.d(dbus),.dthru(ramout),.qtop(qtop),.qnext(qnext)); alu alu0(.a(qtop),.b(qnext),.f(irout[4:0]),.s(aluout)); dpram #(16,10,1024) dpram0(.clk(clk),.load1(dbus2ram),.addr1(abus),.addr2(pcnext),.d1(dbus),.q1(ramout),.q2(irout));

物理上是这样的

#!/usr/bin/perl -W//*****************//print "*** LABEL LIST ***\n";foreach $l (sort(keys(%label))){    printf "%-8s%03X\n",$l,$label{$l};}
$addr=0;print "\n*** MACHINE PROGRAM ***\n";foreach (@source){    $line = $_;    s/\w+://;    if(/PUSHI\s+(-?\d+)/){       printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$MCODE{PUSHI}+($10xfff);    } elsif(/(PUSH|POP|JMP|JZ|JNZ)\s+(\w+)/){       printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$MCODE{$1}+$label{$2};    }elsif(/(-?\d+)/){       printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$10xffff;    } elsif(/([A-Z]+)/){       printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$MCODE{$1};    } else {       print "\t\t$line";    }}

%{#include <stdio.h>%}%union {char *s; int n;}%token <s> NAME NUMBER%destructor { free($$); } NAME NUMBER%token <n> IF WHILE DO%type <n> if0%token GOTO ELSE INT IN OUT HALT......%%int yyerror(char *s){ printf("%s\n",s); }int main(){ yyparse(); }%{ #include <string.h> #include "y.tab.h" int n=0;%}......while    {yylval.n=++n;return(WHILE);}[0-9]+       {yylval.s=strdup(yytext);return(NUMBER);}[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*    {yylval.s=strdup(yytext);return(NAME);}.            {return(yytext[0]);}%%int yywrap(){ return(1);}

%{#include <stdio.h>%}%union {char *s; int n;}%token <s> NAME NUMBER%destructor { free($$); } NAME NUMBER%token <n> IF WHILE DO%type <n> if0%token GOTO ELSE INT IN OUT HALT......%%int yyerror(char *s){ printf("%s\n",s); }int main(){ yyparse(); }%{#include <string.h>#include "y.tab.h"int n=0;%}......while    {yylval.n=++n;return(WHILE);}[0-9]+       {yylval.s=strdup(yytext);return(NUMBER);}[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*    {yylval.s=strdup(yytext);return(NAME);}.            {return(yytext[0]);}%%int yywrap(){ return(1);}

start: JK startnopsdal 32sdah 0datploop:  tinginltinginhjend cxcutenopjmp loopincexcute: call 32nopjmp startnop

uint SPI_RW(uint uchar){uint bit_ctr;for(bit_ctr=0;bit_ctr<8;bit_ctr++) // output 8-bit     {    MOSI = (uchar  0x80);         // output 'uchar', MSB to MOSI    uchar = (uchar << 1);           // shift next bit into MSB..    SCK = 1;                      // Set SCK high..    uchar |= MISO;             // capture current MISO bit    SCK = 0;                  // ..then set SCK low again     }return(uchar);                 // return read uchar}

化学，光学，半导体物理，等等就光刻胶涂胶的方式就够你研究一辈子了

其实，21ic论坛的一位道友曾经尝试过制作51单片机，接下来欣赏网友一路向北lm的制作过程：

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